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LINE OF INQUIRY 06 / 07

The container takes part

How does a space change a work?

Light boxes, screens, seats, a library, an office and a theatre shape how bodies stay and move. A container makes some encounters possible and others difficult.

2026 curatorial reading5 worksReturn to the work world ↗

01 / EDITORIAL ARGUMENT · 2026

Reading through this question

Understand containers through their specific constraints. A light box transmits light; a library lets readers move along printed pages; projection encounters bodies; YourTube’s cables and seats shape sightlines and movement. P4 also involves recruitment, conversion of rooms, performances and people’s lives. When a website extends these works, it should identify its own changes: playback and magnification are present-day reading devices, not scale reconstructions of historical events.

02 / THE ARTIST LOOKS BACK · ESSAY SUPPLIED IN 2026

These complete passages are from He Fa’s How Does a Hole Become a Theatre?, supplied on 16 September 2026. They are later reflections, to be read alongside records made within the works.

When we first planned P4, we had a photography studio in mind. Zhang Aoshuang proposed a theatre. Shaohua took on the conversion, and the stage, lights and curtains gradually found their places. To photograph a person, we began building a theatre.

He Fa · paragraph 18 · Read in the complete essay ↗English follows the published editorial translation.

Editorial notePreparing a photography studio, proposing a theatre and converting the room involve different people. The container’s formation already involves collaboration.

The camera was there from the start. We rehearsed, knowing the rehearsals would be kept. The person before us was watching; it was as though people in the future were watching too. That gaze, which would arrive only later, squeezed into today’s gestures ahead of time. Before anyone had left, the time when we would see them afterwards was already there.

He Fa · paragraph 87 · Read in the complete essay ↗English follows the published editorial translation.

Editorial noteThe camera brings future viewing into the live situation. The container includes the conditions of recording and later circulation as well as the room.

03 / WORKS AND PERIOD RECORDS

Return to the works and records

Works and writing

Follow works back to signed texts, with writing at the time, later reflection and participant accounts identified separately.

01

2012 · Photography, digital montage, light boxes

Shanshui ↗

A complete Shanshui image; the landscape is assembled from many local photographs
Shanshui, 2012. Artwork image; open the project to explore it at high resolution.

WHAT CHANGES HERE

A luminous image and large-scale detail ask the body to travel between overall view and fragment.

Artist

Can a mountain hold many acts of looking at once?

At a distance a mountain takes shape; nearby it breaks into separate acts of framing. The viewer’s movement is therefore more than an optional way to appreciate scale. It is a temporal mechanism: stepping back compresses differences into an image, while moving closer releases them again. Each photograph records something it once faced, but no individual photograph witnessed the final mountain. The whole is made and should not be mistaken for panoramic proof of a particular site.

Continue the close reading ↗
02

2015 · Moving image and performance

Hamlet’s Mirror ↗

Hamlet’s Mirror: a performer and a projected body in front of a screen
Hamlet’s Mirror, 2015. Frame from the artist’s retained 3-minute 48-second excerpt.

WHAT CHANGES HERE

Screen, projection and the body that blocks light jointly decide where a character appears.

Co-created by He Fa and Zhang Aoshuang (FakingAosome)

When my image returns to my body, where is the character?

The figure on screen does not remain safely at a distance. When projection returns to the body, the performer carries an earlier self while present movement can block that image. Obstruction can therefore change where a scene takes place. The body is more than an instrument of emotional expression: it is a surface through which images appear, lose coherence and shift position. Viewers continually compare live action, recorded action and the location produced by projection.

Continue the close reading ↗
03

2017 · Language, video, printed text

Fafalish ↗

Fafalish installation: printed paper runs along a library wall above computer workstations
Fafalish, CCA Simpson Library, San Francisco, 2017. Image: CCA/C Archives, CC BY-NC 4.0; compressed for the web.

WHAT CHANGES HERE

Text extends across walls and a column, while a listening station offers another rhythm of attention.

Artist and exhibition curator

If language cannot return intact, can communication still happen?

A deviation in one conversion becomes the material available to the next. Sound does not simply obey its source text, and written characters cannot guarantee a return to the original. Error is not a residue removed by final proofreading; it is an action that moves the work forward. Accent, guesswork, hearing and software rewrite meaning together. Looking only for what the final sentence means misses the way meaning acquires a body during its passage.

Continue the close reading ↗
04

2018 · Multi-screen video installation

YourTube ↗

YourTube installation with multiple screens, exposed cables and linked seating
YourTube, 2018. Thesis installation; the project includes three original recordings and seven reading themes.

WHAT CHANGES HERE

The screens’ frontal arrangement and the seats’ circle have different centres, separating sitting together from looking in the same direction.

Artist; graduate thesis work

Do shared seats and visible comments already make a “we”?

One structure directs attention toward screens; another joins seats into a ring. Their centres differ. I can sit beside you while everyone watches a different screen, or share an image without knowing how my neighbour understands it. Exposed cables make equipment connections visible, and tubing physically joins the furniture. Those material connections cannot testify on behalf of human relations. The installation gives form to the distance between being connected and understanding one another.

Continue the close reading ↗
05

2015–present · Long-term art practice, live work and archives

P4 Theater ↗

Participants sit in a circle on the floor of P4 Theater’s black-box space
P4 Theater documentation. The project connects performances, shared work and the public archive.

WHAT CHANGES HERE

Different venues change recruitment, rehearsal, filming and gathering; organizing space becomes part of the practice.

Co-initiated with Zhang Shaohua; long-term host and organizer

How can a container support works while letting them change it?

Calling P4 a venue misses much of its work; calling it one enormous individual artwork by He Fa claims too much. It includes renting and adapting spaces, setting project cycles, recruiting strangers, forming collaborations and making works visible. Each task creates conditions and distributes limits. How audiences enter, whether a newcomer can initiate a project, and when rehearsal must end all affect the art that appears.

Continue the close reading ↗

ANOTHER QUESTION STARTS HERE

Continue, or change direction.

Return to the curatorial essay ↗